Different Sensors,Actuators and Modules

Sensors

1. Temperature Sensor
   A temperature sensor is an electronic device that measures the temperature of its environment and converts the input data into electronic data to record, monitor, or signal temperature changes. There are many different types of temperature sensors.Non-contact temperature sensors are usually infrared sensor. There are different sensors.
   You should check the link here to compare various sensors.
   
   

   DHT

   
   The DHT11 is a basic, ultra low-cost digital temperature and humidity sensor. It uses a capacitive humidity sensor and a thermistor to measure the surrounding air, and spits out a digital signal on the data pin (no analog input pins needed).The picture above shows a DHT11.
2. Hall effect sensors
   Allegro systems provide various temperature sensors based on hall effect. You may check out their official website here OPAMPS can be used here. Check out the video here to learn how to use them.
   
   
   
   
3. Light sensor
   LDR are popular and cheapest device for light detection. They can be used along with a comparator (the pot sets threshold) to detect brightness after a certain prespecified level. They can even provide a rough lux data. Resistance of LDR varies inversely with light. THe graph is a hyperbolic one. Below image shows one of such sensors.
   
   
4. Smoke sensor
   smoke sensors are available in cheap. most cheapest one is the MQ series sensor. Click below to see different versions of it.
   Click to see all versions
   
   
   
5. Sound sensor
   An Electret Condenser microphone (a.k.a Condenser Microphone) is the most common type of transducer that is used to detect or measure sound signals. It functions exactly as opposite of a normal speaker, that is when a sound signal is detected it produces electrical signals. So if you are looking for the transducer to convert sound signals in your environment to electrical signals to detect sound or record voices then this microphone could be the right choice for you. The left circuit has an amplifier and a band pass filter and the right circuit contains a basic amplification stage followed by a comparator(The pot sets threshold voltage).
   
   

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Actuators

1. Relays
   Relays are switches that open and close circuits electromechanically or electronically. Relays control one electrical circuit by opening and closing contacts in another circuit. As relay diagrams show, when a relay contact is normally open (NO), there is an open contact when the relay is not energized. When a relay contact is Normally Closed (NC), there is a closed contact when the relay is not energized. In either case, applying electrical current to the contacts will change their state. Protective relays can prevent equipment damage by detecting electrical abnormalities, including overcurrent, undercurrent, overloads and reverse currents. In addition, relays are also widely used to switch starting coils, heating elements, pilot lights and audible alarms.
   
   Click on the pic below to see you can build one of such relay boards
   
   Video and links relating relay boards can be found here
   Controlling Appliances From Smartphone
   
   





2. Motors
   An electric motor is an electrical machine that converts electrical energy into mechanical energy. Most electric motors operate through the interaction between the motor's magnetic field and electric current in a wire winding to generate force in the form of torque applied on the motor's shaft. Electric motors can be powered by AC or DC sources.
   
   
   
3. Displays
   
   1 / 5

   OLED Displays

   

   OLED Displays

   2 / 5

   TFT LCD

   
   

   TFT LCD

   3 / 5

   P10 LED MATRIX

   P10 Display Tutorial
   

   P10 LED MATRIX

   4 / 5

   16*2 Displays

   
   
   
   
   
   

   LCD 16*2 DISPLAY

   5 / 5

   MAX7219 Displays

   
   
   

   MAX7219 Display circuit

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4. Speakers
   A loudspeaker is an electroacoustic transducer; a device which converts an electrical audio signal into a corresponding sound.More can be found in the Amplifier section
   
   
   

Modules

GSM modules

SIM800 is a complete Quad-band GSM/GPRS solution in a SMT type which can be embedded in the customer applications. SIM800 support Quad-band 850/900/1800/1900MHz, it can transmit Voice, SMS and data information with low power consumption. With tiny size of 24*24*3mm, it can fit into slim and compact demands of customer design. Featuring Bluetooth and Embedded AT, it allows total cost savings and fast time-to-market for customer applications. Below are some video and article links.

SIM900-GSM-Based-Weather-Notifier Project

EM18

EM18 is a RFID reader which is used to read RFID tags of frequency 125 kHz. After reading tags, it transmits unique ID serially to the PC or microcontroller using UART communication or Wiegand format on respective pins. EM18 RFID reader reads the data from RFID tags which contains stored ID which is of 12 bytes. EM18 RFID reader doesn’t require line-of-sight. Also, it has identification range which is short i.e. in few centimetres. RFID reader EM-18 features: 1. Serial RS232/TTL output 2. Operating Frequency is 125KHz. 3. Range is 5-8 cm.

433 MHz Modules

Want to add wireless capabilities to your next Arduino project, for less than the price of a cup of coffee? Well, then 433MHz RF Transmitter and Receiver Modules are just for you! They can often be obtained online for less than two dollars for a pair, making them one of the most inexpensive data communication options that you can get. And best of all, these modules are super tiny, allowing you to incorporate a wireless interface into almost any project.

Bluetooth Module HC05

Some useful links below
Voice-Controlled-Bluetooth-Car
Bluetooth-Controlled-Car-With-Camera
Smart-TV-Remote

Real Time Clock

RTC means Real Time Clock. RTC modules are simply TIME and DATE remembering systems which have battery setup which in the absence of external power keeps the module running. This keeps the TIME and DATE up to date. So we can have accurate TIME and DATE from RTC module whenever we want.They have backup power as battery. Two most popular devices are DS3231 and DS1307

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